(Update: I've uploaded Korea photos) On Thursday Joe & I took a USO tour to the Korean DMZ. I thought we were only going up to the edge of the DMZ, but it turns out that we actually drove out to a complex in the middle of the DMZ. In fact, we got to briefly cross over onto the N. Korean side of the DMZ. Read on…
The tour started at the USO office in Seoul. We boarded a bus and drove 1 1/2 hours north to the DMZ. We learned that the DMZ consists of a Military Demarcation Line (MDL) set during the 1953 armistice. The DMZ itself extends 2 km to the north and south of the MDL. The bulk of the DMZ is essentially wilderness and is unoccupied. Because it is demilitarized, there are no landmines or any other military apparatus (although there are minefields etc outside of the DMZ). Within the DMZ is the Joint Security Area (JSA) where North & South Korean military face each other every day. The JSA spans the MDL, and consists of several buildings on both sides of the MDL. When N & S Korea meet for talks, they meet in a small, single-room building that spans the MDL.
The tour bus took us into the JSA. Things were very strict. In most places no photography was allowed. We had to sign a waiver that included the following: "I understand that the tour … includes entry into a hostile area which may possibly result in injury or death as a result of direct military action". Not your usual waiver text.
When we got into the DSA and got off the bus, they usually had us walking in two lines. There was a military jeep with armed soldiers escorting the bus. While we were in the JSA, the soldiers stationed there were more clearly more alert. We were not allowed to point or gesture in any way to N Korea. While we were there we saw a few N Korean soldiers just outside their buildings only a few hundred feet away. Some of them had binoculars watching us. It sounds like sometimes N Korean personnel will be all the way down to the MDL, but not today.
The tour then had us walk into the small building used for talks between the North and South. This is one of the buildings that spans the MDL. While in this building we actually were able to stand on the N Korea side of the MDL. So in one sense, I actualy visted N Korea. I hope that doesn't blow my chances for a security clearance some day. :-)
Some other interesting history that occured in the JSA include:
- The Bridge of No Return where prisoner exchanges occurred
- The poplar tree incident in 1976 where N Korean troops attacked a crew trimming a poplar tree in the JSA killing two S Korean officers.
- A successful defection by a Soviet citizen in 1984, who sprinted from his tour group on the north side of the MDL to the south.
Also in the DMZ is the S Korean village Daeseong-dong where people actually live and work. There is also a N Korean village, Gijeong-dong, but it is purely propaganda — there are many nice looking buildings, but nobody lives there.
In addition to the JSA, the tour took us to one of four discovered tunnels dug by N Korea to get in to S Korea. This tunnel was found in 1978. It's 2 by 2 meters, 1600 meters long, and 70 meters underground. After discovering and blocking the tunnel, S Korea turned this tunnel into a tourist attraction. They used a boring machine to drill a 3 meter diameter tunnel at an 11 degree slope down to the N Korean tunnel. We were able to walk about 250 meters of the N Korean tunnel up to the point where the South blocked it off. Trying to be clever, the North painted the inside of the tunnel with coal dust to try and claim it was a coal mine. They've also tried to claim the South dug the tunnel, despite the fact that all blasting was clearly done from north to south. There are most likely other undiscovered tunnels under the DMZ. Some estimates put the number of tunnels at twenty or more.
The other major stop on the tour was a brand new train station just outside the DMZ. In the last few years there has been hope in the South for reunification (despite recent N Korean missile tests). There have been talks between the North and South that progressed to the point where a rail line was constructed through the DMZ. The South built a train station, the Gyeongui Railway Transit Office, just outside the DMZ in anticipation of the formal opening of the line into the North. However, the opening has been delayed by the North for the last 2 years. Despite the delay, it looks as if the train station will actually be used for travel between the North and South in the near future.